Monday Tech Talk – Confined Space Entry

Working in confined spaces presents unique hazards that require strict safety protocols, proper training, and specialised equipment. Whether in sewers, tunnels, storage tanks, or manholes, employees must understand the risks, best practices, and emergency response plans to ensure their safety.

This guide covers confined space entry procedures, risk assessment factors, required safety equipment, and emergency response planning.

What is a Confined Space?

A confined space is an enclosed or restricted area where hazardous substances can accumulate, or oxygen levels may be insufficient. These spaces limit movement and pose risks such as toxic exposure, entrapment, and asphyxiation.

Examples of Confined Spaces:

• Sewers: Underground tunnels used for wastewater transport.
• Tunnels: Excavated spaces with risks such as poor ventilation and structural instability.
• Manholes: Underground access points for utility work.
• Storage Tanks & Vats: Enclosed containers for liquids, gases, or industrial materials.

Risk Assessment for Confined Space Entry

Before entering a confined space, a thorough risk assessment must be conducted. Key factors include:

Duration of the task
Type of work being performed
Training requirements for workers
Physical effort required
Suitability of workers for the task
Air testing equipment and ventilation
Number of workers involved
Rescue equipment in place

Failing to address these risks can result in injury, illness, or fatalities.

Types of Work in Confined Spaces

Confined space entry is required for various tasks, including:

Inspection and Monitoring – Checking for hazardous gases, leaks, or structural integrity.
Maintenance and Repairs – Cleaning, fixing, or welding inside confined spaces.
Cleaning and Decontamination – Removing hazardous materials or sanitizing storage tanks.
Hazardous Material Handling – Transferring chemicals or gases within confined environments.
Construction Work – Excavating tunnels, installing pipelines, or structural reinforcements.

Each task demands specialised training and safety measures to prevent accidents.

Essential Equipment for Confined Space Entry

Ensuring the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and safety gear is crucial.

Required Safety Equipment:

Protective Clothing – Flame-resistant and chemical-resistant suits.
Head Protection – Hard hats to prevent head injuries.
Eye & Face Protection – Safety goggles or face shields.
Hand Protection – Chemical-resistant gloves for handling hazardous materials.
Foot Protection – Steel-toed boots for durability and grip.
Respiratory Protection – Air-purifying and self-contained respirators to prevent toxic inhalation.
Fall Protection – Safety harnesses and lifelines for stability.

Proper equipment use, fit testing, and regular inspections are necessary to maximize worker safety.

Atmospheric Testing & Monitoring

Air quality inside a confined space must be continuously tested.

Gas Detectors Should Monitor:
Oxygen Levels – To prevent asphyxiation.
Toxic Gases – Detecting hazardous fumes such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, or carbon monoxide.
Flammable Gases – Preventing fire and explosion risks.

Ventilation Equipment:
Blowers and Fans – Ensure fresh air circulation.
Explosion-Proof Fans – Required for spaces with flammable gas risks.

Ongoing air monitoring ensures a safe work environment before and during confined space entry.

Emergency Response AND Rescue Plans

Despite safety measures, emergencies can still occur. A well-prepared rescue plan is essential.

Rescue Plan Components:

Designated Rescue Team – Trained personnel must be ready to respond.
Regular Training and Drills – Simulated rescue scenarios improve response times.
Rescue Equipment – Includes retrieval systems, harnesses, and breathing apparatus.
First Aid & Medical Assistance – Immediate CPR and oxygen supply for affected workers.

Communication and Monitoring

Clear Communication Channels – Two-way radios for coordination.
Emergency Signal Protocols – To alert teams of hazards inside the confined space.
Regular Checks & Monitoring Systems – To track conditions and worker safety.

Post-Rescue Procedures AND Incident Investigation

Once a rescue has been executed, it’s important to conduct a post-incident review:

Investigate the incident cause – Identify what led to the emergency.
Plan revisions – Adjust procedures to prevent future risks.
Worker debriefing – Ensure lessons learned are shared across teams.

A proactive safety culture helps mitigate risks and improve confined space entry procedures.

Final Thoughts: Safety is Non-Negotiable

Confined space work is high-risk, but proper training, risk assessment, and safety equipment can significantly reduce accidents and fatalities. Employers and workers must prioritise:

Thorough pre-entry checklists
Proper PPE and ventilation
Regular air testing and monitoring
Effective rescue planning and communication

By implementing these best practices, we ensure that workers return home safely every day.