Monday Tech Talk – Temporary Works

What Are Temporary Works?

Temporary works refer to structures that are not part of the permanent building but are necessary to support construction activities. These include formwork, falsework, shoring, and support work. Without them, many permanent structures could not be safely or efficiently built.

Temporary works ensure that during construction, all loads are adequately supported. These systems are carefully designed to maintain the stability of structures until the permanent construction is complete and can support itself.

The Importance of Temporary Works in South Africa

The South African construction industry faces specific challenges, including a high-risk environment for workers at height. According to data, there are 20 fatalities per year for every 100,000 employees in the industry—many related to falls from height and structural collapse. Proper implementation and management of temporary works are essential in reducing these incidents.

Categories and Types of Temporary Works

Temporary works can be broken down into several categories, including:

• Formwork: Temporary molds into which concrete is poured.
• Falsework: Temporary structures used to support a permanent structure while it is not yet self-supporting.
• Shoring: Systems designed to support the sides of an excavation to prevent collapse.
• Support Work: Temporary structures that support formwork or the permanent structure during construction.

There are also different types of formwork systems, including:

• Traditional Formwork: Often timber-based and manually assembled.
• Progressive (In-Situ) Formwork: Cast on-site and used progressively.
• Slip Formwork: Continuously moving formwork used for tall structures.
• Non-Removable Formwork: Formwork that becomes a permanent part of the structure, often providing additional insulation.

Each system has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, which need to be carefully considered based on the project scope, budget, and safety requirements.

Main Risks and Safety Considerations

Temporary works introduce specific risks on construction sites:

• Working at Height: The leading cause of injuries and fatalities.
• Collapse of Formwork or Temporary Structures: Often due to poor design or faulty construction.
• Overhead Work: Falling tools and debris present a hazard to those working below.
• Exposure to Hazardous Materials: Construction often involves working with materials that pose health risks.

Preventative measures include strict compliance with safety standards, ensuring structures are inspected daily, and making sure all temporary works are signed off by a competent person.

Roles and Responsibilities

Temporary works require clear delegation of duties. In South Africa, there are five key appointments related to temporary works:

1. Temporary Works Designer: Responsible for design and signing off on temporary works.
2. Temporary Works Supervisor: Ensures the temporary works are erected according to design and remain compliant.
3. Temporary Works Inspector: Conducts regular inspections to verify integrity and safety.
4. Temporary Works Erector: Carries out the actual construction of the temporary works.
5. Client: Ultimately responsible for ensuring that all safety and legal obligations are met.

Key Considerations On-Site

Several factors need to be managed effectively to ensure temporary works are safe and compliant:

• No Steel Fixing on Temporary Platforms unless supervised by a competent person.
• Auditing serviceability limits, working loads, and material manufacturing to ensure adherence to specifications.
• Daily Inspections and Sign-Offs by appointed professionals.

Temporary works are a vital part of any construction project. They require careful planning, expert design, and strict oversight to ensure they are safe and effective. At Cairnmead, we emphasize the importance of understanding these systems to prevent accidents and create safer worksites.